Case study write-up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contextual analysis review - Essay Example The Envirofit group thought the endeavor was basic and trusted it will assist with diminishing the contamination in the cruiser motors. Social and natural difficulties can be handled through improvement of innovation, for example, the one created y the group of the designing understudies. The snowmobile innovation that was created for the Yellowstone National Park was intended to maintain a strategic distance from commotion and contamination in the recreation center. They utilized the innovation to fit onto existing machines and set at first on the outflows occasion in the spotless Snowmobile challenge that decreased hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide discharges by over 99%. Since this was fruitful, it was thusly applied in bikes. The stock of the Envirofit was instrumental in guaranteeing an ecological protected and amicable vehicle. Adjustment of existing innovation is instrumental in advancing and bettering the current innovation. For example, the snowmobile was to be relinquished from the national park. Be that as it may, the alteration by the group made it applicable for the snowmobile to be utilized in the recreation center just as cruisers just as different vehicles. While working in the venture, the group was connecting with one another just as other applicable intrigued individuals as the NGO and the network. This aided in shaping connections just as cultivating cooperation among the group. Working in an undertaking as large as the Envirofit is testing and requires persistence and a great deal of tolerance. The venture is tedious and requires devotion just as responsibility for it to be practiced effectively. This ingrains discipline in the members in the task who get the chance to learn on how comply with time constraints and convey good outcomes. As the group in Envirofit watched it is advantageous to get nearby accomplices to partake in a situation. This would give organizations the idea of believability; it would make the business increasingly successful and effective. The genuine

Translation of film titles to cultural difference Essay Example

Interpretation of film titles to social distinction Essay Film title consistently gives crowd a general impression about the class of a film, as, is accepted to be one of the most persuasive variables influencing the movies. That is the reason creation houses consistently take film titling genuine. These days, the nature of film title interpretation is viewed as increasingly critical as more motion pictures are discharged universally under the impact of globalization. This paper targets talking about the benefits and negative marks of the interpretation of the film titles of ?bAand ? °I, Robot?, thus, endeavor to give an elective film title, lastly attempt to clarify the contrasts between the interpretations concentrated previously. ?bA I respected the interpretation, ? °Running on Karma? as very acceptable as it is firmly identified with the subject, ? °reason and the consequence?(O?u). Thought about the business concerns, the word ? °Karma? is accepted to be appealing to target crowd the same number of outsiders have a powerful ur ge in find out about Chinese culture and its way of thinking while Karma is a notable idea in Buddhism. Rather than the in exactly the same words interpretation, ? °Running on Karma? is accepted to be progressively suitable to be utilized in Hong Kong. Certain, ? °bA? ? (? °Big?) is a contrivance, which may pull in Chinese crowd; be that as it may, the impact would not be so compelling toward the West as solid as Big is normal in the West. That is the reason a film title with Buddhist message is viewed as increasingly suitable. Aside from the Inter-lingual interpretation, intra-lingual interpretation ought not be dismissed as well. As indicated by the creation house, ?†°Ki^O?OCU?and ? °An Intelligent Muscular Man? are the official film titles utilized in Mainland China. In reality, I value the titles in light of the fact that

Studying For the TOEFL Essay

Studying For the TOEFL EssayIf you're considering taking the TOEFL exam and need help understanding how the test is scored, then you will find that there are a number of TOEFL essay samples that you can study from in order to have an idea of what will be expected of you on the day of the exam. The best way to go about preparing for this type of test is to make sure that you get a good understanding of what is required of you and how to pass it with flying colors.One of the first things that you should do when you're preparing for the exam is to review your previous efforts at the reading comprehension portion of the test. This will give you a better idea of how you will perform overall. You should also pay attention to how you managed to answer questions correctly on the GRE or TOEFL and how you feel you would handle the test in a similar situation.You should also pay close attention to how much time you will have to devote to the O'clock test. You should only study for one section o f the test; instead try to spend as much time as possible on each section of the exam. You should also work on the key vocabulary and sentence structure that you know very well when taking the TOEFL.Once you've completed your study for the essay, take the time to practice and review everything you've learned so far. Take the next section of the exam and ensure that you understand all of the aspects that you need to. You should also make sure that you know the rules about cheating and that you understand what you should not do in order to get a passing score.Some of the things that you will need to work on in order to get a passing score include having the correct grammar, proper punctuation, punctuation errors, and the ability to read materials effectively. You should also focus on getting a strong grasp on the topic of the essay that you are trying to write. If you have any doubts about whether or not you understand an essay question, then you should turn to one of the TOEFL essay sample essays that will give you the information that you need.Another factor that you should pay attention to when you're reviewing your essay is your own level of fluency. By being familiar with these types of essay samples, you can see how you should revise your essay, so that you are able to effectively explain what you mean. If you're not clear on what you are saying, then your score will suffer.You should also be aware of how much time you will have to devote to the test and how much time you will have to complete your essay. The test will have three sections, which will last approximately an hour each. If you have the time to dedicate to completing your essay, then you will be able to get a higher score.The best way to prepare for the TOEFL is to ensure that you pay attention to the material that you have studied and put together. Also, take the time to review your writing skills and revise all of the aspects that you have been unaware of previously. Finally, you should revie w your previous essay scores and ensure that you understand where you are at in terms of your language and comprehension.

Persuasive Essay On Racial Profiling - 1488 Words

Racial profiling existed back in the 18th century when black slaves were abused and oppressed by white men even those who didn’t own slaves. Throughout history, racial profiling still continues to be a controversial issue today. It’s practiced everyday. Racial profiling means using an individual’s race or ethnicity against them of committing a crime. This means oppressing other races to feel inferior and accusing others to a certain stereotype. Racial profiling is when a black person in ripped jeans and a dark hoodie walks down an alley and is accused for committing a crime that the person has never done. Police Departments practice racial profiling indiscreetly and defend for its use for the â€Å"safety of others† or a â€Å"necessary good.† Since†¦show more content†¦These types of apps passively promote racial profiling that creates the mindset that a different neighborhood from the individual’s own community is â€Å"dangerous. † However, the issue of racial profiling can be viewed from a different perspective. Pro-racial policing supporters claim the â€Å"GhettoTracker† is effective because it distinguishes actual danger or â€Å"ghetto† neighborhoods. A statement from the New York Police Department states â€Å"insist that these stops of innocent people†¦ help fight crime. And they insist that the policy is not racist† (Herbert, 13). The police department â€Å"insist† that their policy are not at all racist; however, many incidents and cases involve minorities being stopped and frisked for committing a crime they did not do. Although police departments may believe their policy â€Å"is not racist,† it’s clearly seen in incidents that these stops of innocent people based on majorly on their race proves these stops are not to â€Å"help fight crime,† but racially profile minorities. The N.Y. Police Department claim that the â€Å"stops of innoc ent people† reduce criminals. Although it may be true, it’s undeniably increasing the practice of racial profiling and defending it as a necessary safety protocol. It’s not a safety protocol when there’s unnecessary harassment and disrespect involved. Police officers value these apps for the safety of residents, but how can it be safe if it violates the safety of innocent minorities? Eventually,Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling1414 Words   |  6 Pages Racial Profiling Due to a Lack of Communication Imagine walking down the street one day with your friends, minding your own business when a police car pulls up next to you. As the car comes to a stop, a police officer rushes out with a gun in hand pointed at you. You are thrown to the ground, pinned under the officer, questioning what you did wrong. As you look around for help you realize that you have become the next victim of racial profiling. Racial profiling is the use of race or ethnicRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling806 Words   |  4 PagesRacial profiling is a problem that continues to happen to this day. This situation is something which happens to everyone especially minorities. Minorities are more likely to be pulled over by police officers rather than white people just because of the color of their skin, which is really unfair because their time is being wasted getting pulled over when they could be doing something else. Racial profiling has been happening forever, which has caused many people to be st opped and strictly checkedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling903 Words   |  4 Pagespolice. Racial profiling refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individuals race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. This is similar to criminal or offender profiling, the analysis of a persons psychological and behavioural characteristics, so as to assess whether they are likely to have committed a crime under investigation. Both seem to be similar, but make no mistake that racial profiling is illegalRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling1486 Words   |  6 Pages Racial Profiling is an act of automatically defining or identifying someone based on their ethnicity. This act was most recognized during the late 1800’s in the U.S. under the Jim Crow law. It was passed in order to segregate whites and the colored in America. It fundamentally made whites superior to all. Though, in 19 64 the Civil Rights Act passed stating that anybody of any ethnicity or religion are to be equal and united. However, today this law has never been truly accepted when seeing the statisticsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Assata Shakur 1316 Words   |  6 Pageshypocritical and devious people for blaming black people small crimes while they’ve committed atrocities. Assata’s persuasive use of antithesis shines light on the outrageous and unethical motives of the white man because their bias contradicts their values. She appeals to African Americans to convince them to work together because she believes that they are possible solutions that can resolve racial inequalities. She acknowledges that, â€Å"Every revolution in history has been accomplished by actions, althoughRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria868 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† is a short essay in which the award winning poet and professor of English, Judith Ortiz Cofer, wishes to inform and persuade the audience that labels and stereotypes can be humiliating and hurtful. The author targets the general public, anyone that doesn’t understand that putting someone in a box because of a stereotype is wrong. Cofer starts out the essay by telling the reader a story with a drunk man who re-enacted â€Å"Maria† from theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe Squint and the Wail Rhetorical Analysis â€Å"The Squint and the Wail† is an essay by Michael Hsu. Hsu, a Taiwanese American author and editor, wrote this essay in order to express his views on the negative connotations that occur with some of the racially charged objects present in society. More specifically, the essay deals with the stereotypical nature of The Chin Family. The Chin Family is the name of Stefano Giovannoni’s tabletop collection, which includes salt and pepper shakers that haveRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement2959 Words   |  12 Pageswithout slavery, the Civil Rights Movement, and other racially motivated movements. Race (and racism, unfortunately) is what makes America, America. For this essay, I will be exploring the question: Is there still a racial issue in America, predominantly, against blacks? Also, I will be exploring if stereotypes are related to racial profiling, if the media affects racism, and if racism is still present in the 21st century, in particul arly, since President Barack Obama got elected as the United StatesRead MoreThe New Threat : Racism Without Racists2278 Words   |  10 PagesIt has been many decades since the end of enslaving African-Americans in the United States of America and the laws – since then – have tried to impede discrimination of all kinds especially racial profiling. The debate of racism has never stopped even in January 20th, 2009 when the American nation elected its forty-fourth president of the United States who was the first African-American president in the entire American History. â€Å"Racism is over,† many people became very excited and delighted, â€Å"AmericaRead MorePolice Discretion Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay a discussion will be explored about the benefits and problems associated with police use of discretion. Which current policing strategies have the most potential for controlling officer discretion and providing accountability, and which have th e least, and why is that the case? And finally, how might these issues impact the various concerns facing law enforcement today? Police behavior is different across all communities. In fact, how police react to combat crime is affected by the

Comparing Opera Seria to Orfeo Ed Euridice by Gluck and...

Orfeo ed Euridice by Gluck, was written in 1762 and The Marriage of Figaro by Mozart was written in 1786. It is interesting to analyse the changes and developments from opera seria to these two examples. During the eighteenth century, composers wrote in a style of opera called opera seria. Opera seria had the following characteristics: They used similar plots involving a hero and usually some sort of conflict of human passions, and these operas were often based on a story from an ancient Greek or Latin Author. The opera always consisted of three acts with alternating recitatives and arias. To show the virtuosic skill of the singer, cadenzas were used within arias. The action was created from the dialogue within the recitatives,†¦show more content†¦There were also stricter demands of the solo singers. The two mid eighteenth century composers, Jomelli and Traetta played a big part in the reform of Italian opera in the late 18th century by influencing the French towards opera of a more international flavour. Born in Bohemia, Gluck built a more international style of opera. He was strongly affected by the movement of the reform in the 1750s. He became court composer to the Emperor at Vienna after visits to London and studying under Samartini in Italy. After a collaboration with a poet named Raniero Calzabigi, Gluck composed two of his famous operas, `Orfeo ed Euridice in 1762 and `Alceste in 1767. Glucks aims were to remove the unpopular characteristics of opera seria, as shown by his famous quote: To confine music to its proper function of serving the poetry for the expression and the situations of the plot He removed the overuse of da capo aria or the showing off desire of the singer; he also broke down the contrast of the recitative and aria and gave his opera more dramatic relevance than had been the case in opera seria: I believed that my greatest effort should be directed to seek in a beautiful simplicity ...and there is no accepted rule that I have not thought should be gladly sacrificed in favour of effectiveness. One important way, in which Gluck reformed opera, was the use of his choruses as we can see in the beginning of Orfeo ed Euridice. Example below.

New Zealand s Leading Wine Producing Area - 2200 Words

Report Marlborough is New Zealand s leading wine producing area. Marlborough produces over 75% of the country s total export wine. Blenheim is said to be the most productive alcohol region in New Zealand due to its’ large amount of sunshine hours per year. Moisture, light intensity and temperature show a repeating trend annually in Marlborough making it easy for winemakers predict and rely on the weather. Photosynthesis is the process that plants carry out in order to use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. More sunshine, increases the rate of photosynthesis in the grape vine. Steady successful photosynthesis ensures the plant produces its highest quality fruit. Alcohol is defined as a carbon chain with a hydroxyl group attached. Alcoholic beverages for social consumption are specifically made from ethanol. Ethanol is a 2 carbon chain with a hydroxyl attached. There are many processes within winemaking to get the flavours that are characterised into different types of wines. Initially wine is made by crushing grapes to extract juice. From this stage the juice undergoes two main types of fermentation. Primary fermentation is the first stage and most active of fermentation, occurring under aerobic conditions.. Sucrose is a dimer (a molecule or molecular complex consisting of two identical molecules linked together) of glucose and fructose molecules. In the first step the enzyme invertase cleaves the glycosidic linkage betweenShow MoreRelatedA Study On New Zealand Essay2335 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: New Zealand has always been known for its untouched beauty, landscapes and its extremely good quality grape varieties and wines. the Weather conditions in this part of the world is best suited for growing excellent quality vines. this study will be showcasing the history of New Zealand wine, Where it originated from and when did it make its mark in the best quality wines of the world. With grape varieties like sauvignon blanc, pinot gris, chardonnay, pinot noir and Riesling etc, thisRead MoreWhat Generation Y Have Become One Of The Biggest Growth Areas For Wine Businesses Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome one of the biggest growth areas for wine businesses. Generation Y includes consumers born between early 1980s to the early 2000s. Wine producers have adopted may modern methods of marketing, such as using social media and the internet to reach a far wider global market than in previous decades. Many wine businesses sell their wine online, providing free samples and recommend ations to further expand their customer base. In addition to this, New World wine is being modified to suit youngRead MoreGrapes And Different Types Of Grapes1562 Words   |  7 PagesWine is one of the most fascinating drinks among the European citizens. It is an alcoholic beverage prepared from the fermented grape juice. Grapes have the chemical property of carrying out fermentation without the utilization of sugars, enzymes or other nutrients. It is prepared fermenting the crushed grapes with the different types of yeast strains. Yeast consumes all the sugars present in grapes and converts them into alcohol. Different types of grapes and different strains of grapes are responsibleRead MoreHistory And Evolution Of The Kiwifruit Industry1168 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with New Zealand culture. The kiwifruit industry has an important position in agribusiness chains in New Zealand because it has a high percentage of shared GDP and high export value. This report will provide t he domestic and international overviews of the New Zealand kiwifruit industry, identify the New Zealand’s position in the global context, and analyse the major strengths, weaknesses, and future challenges. History and evolution of the kiwifruit industry in New Zealand According to MortonRead MoreThe Wine Of Chile : The Worlds Fifth Biggest Wine Exporter1359 Words   |  6 Pages The product we chose to do was wine and we picked this item due to the business sector we are entering. There are an excess of 300 wine exporters in Chile and the main ten accounts for 52% of the aggregate wine exports. Chile is a wine producer s heaven as the world s fifth biggest wine exporter. It offers long, hot summers and cool waterfront breezes which are perfect climates for vineyards. Not only is the temperature near flawless, but the environment is pest and disease free so therefore theRead MoreThe Southern Training Group: An Analysis3656 Words   |  15 Pages The Southern Training Group 1. Introduction The New Zealand economy is somewhat similar to the global economy. The past two decades have witnesses increasing liberalization and industrialization, and the country has moved away from agrarian activities. Still, problems remain within the state and these have been exacerbated by the internationalized economic crisis. In fact, economic problems surfaced in New Zealand before the inception of the economic crisis in late 2007. Since then, the countrysRead MoreRobert Mondavi and the Wine Industry2003 Words   |  9 PagesMONDAVI AND THE WINE INDUSTRY CASE ANALYSIS by Alberto Vicentelli Global wine industry structure. How and why is this structure changing? Production and consumption of wine was mostly localized until the early 1990’s. Wine producers in different countries were traditionally isolated from each other, and most of the world’s wine drinkers consumed either local wines or imports from nearby producers. Winemakers had minimal cross-border interaction and followed local traditions. The wine industry isRead MoreIndia Wine Industry Report5915 Words   |  24 PagesIndian Wine Industry Report Report prepared by Western Australia Trade Office – India Department of Agriculture and Food – WA Mumbai 93, Jolly Maker Chamber II 9th Floor, Nariman Point Mumbai 400 021 Tel: +91 22 66303973 Fax: +91 22 66303977 January 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS Introduction Market Size Market Development Local Industry Duties and Taxes Australian Wine players in India Market Segment and Market Share for imported wines Duties and Price Structure Wine Duty calculationRead MoreLion Nathan Swot Analysis1881 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction- This SWOT analysis is regarding Lion Nathan China Brewing Company and their competitive advantage in their business. The major issue in this case is analyzing the company s background and reasons for expanding into China while trying to forecast an appropriate managerial decision regarding the company s future. There are many sources of information we can use to inform us of the past decisions made and good data that can be used to make predictions about the future. This case analysisRead MoreCompetition in the Global Wine Industry:11105 Words   |  45 PagesCompetition in the Global Wine Industry: A U.S. Perspective Murray Silverman Professor of Management College of Business San Francisco State University 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco, CA 94132 Phone: 415-338-7489 Fax: 415-338-0501 Email: msilver@sfsu.edu Richard Castaldi Professor of Management College of Business San Francisco State University Phone: 415-338-2829 Fax: 415-338-0501 Email: castaldi@sfsu.edu Sally Baack Assistant Professor of Management

Credit Availability and Asset Price †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Credit Availability and Asset Price. Answer: Introduction Great white whale of finance theory was one of the reasons behind creation of asset bubble. The reason should be known to all the individuals who involve in financial planning activities as well as overall economy (Sornette, 2017). In case, there is sudden crash in the asset price takes place that will leave behind growth in a dwindling state of years. An Asset bubble can be referring to a phenomenon where there is rise in prices of assets as compared to real prices (Taffler, Agarwal and Wang 2017). The reason behind the increase is because of price instability of assets and lead to sudden fall in the prices (the fall may be either down to its real price or even below in some cases). There are two perspectives explained below that will help in understanding the causes of an asset bubble. In this contemporary or modern world, role of central banks plays important role and carries equal attention in the financial environment. However, it is expected by the central banks that they should manage the economic growth as well as engage in preserving towards attainment of sustainable prosperity. This can be gained by either using or manipulating tools such as interest rates at its disposal (Selvakumar and Kirubakaran 2016). According to classical economists, their opinion is opposite regarding them as they treat them useless and reason behind it is abnormal market behavior. These classical economists believe that there is intervention by central banks of the country as well as interlinked monitory that becomes sole reason behind creation of asset bubble. In one of the Book titled as Early speculative bubbles and increases in the money supply, it was written by Douglas E. French about printing of currencies by the central banks. It was mentioned as this activity lowers the interest rate than its normal rates as well as motivates investors to undertake investments that were not possible otherwise. Lowering of interest rate creates asset bubble and this will have volatile implications. However, the sudden outburst of the bubble can lead to liquidation of the mal investments. In his book, he explained that careful study of the history depicts that government meddling with the financial as well as monetary affairs lead to economic booms and inevitable bursts (Nemoto 2017). Therefore, other mainstream economists kept blaming the phenomenon on the animal spirits of the market participants. The Keynesian perspective As per Keynesian perspective, it is believed that there is nothing wrong or odd when there are recessions or depression taking place in the market. In this theory, it states that these activities bound to happen as well as there is nothing that anyone can perform to control the situation or even stop it in that case. It further explains the point where role of central banks is to reduce the aftermath of the depressions as far as possible. As compared to other classical theories, the Keynesian perspective focus on the importance of central banks and the theory does not claim central banks to be reason for creation of asset bubble. Before creating any of the asset bubble, asset needs to pass through different stages. On careful study about the stages, it help shareholder to evaluate in which cycle the asset is presently located as well as their future prospect of the assets. It is even needed to find out whether the asset will be able to fulfill the requirement of the investor. Inception- Inception is the starting stage of creation of asset bubble at a certain point through the prices of the assets that may be treated unjustifiable at the end. The reason behind increased price is because of some of the valid points. For instance- the dot com bubble was created because of optimism of the people or in that case larger mass for bringing development in the technology that took place at that point of time. It can be treated logical now because of the number of person using internet was increasing on rapid basis. It was believed by the investors that technology sector will helps them to get high yield in the future and this is the reason behind creation of an asset bubble that started with that mindset of investment. Gaining momentum- The increased rate in the asset prices may be slow at the starting. After that, it is the investors who come in the scenario and there is increase in the rate of prices on substantial basis. However, increased asset process can be further accelerated by media coverage as well as professional comments at the same time (Albrecht et al. 2017). Euphoria- When the greed of the investors overcomes the caution, this is the time when asset bubble reaching this state (Euphoria). In this. The investors try to justify the cause behind increase price by knowing the fact that the assets fundamentals are strong as well as would be even stronger in the upcoming financial years. In the case study on Morocco Real Estate Bubble, it is properly mentioned about the situation at the time of booming period of the economy (Andonov, Eichholtz and Kok 2015). This is the time where real estate developers predict population growth as well as higher purchasing power of the citizen. Therefore, the investors have already believed in building up towns for population that can accommodate 3,00,000 residents. On the other hand, the population inhabiting the town comprises of 32,000 people. Profit making- On reaching specific level, all the prudent investors start engaging in liquidating their investment. It will be difficult to predict the process as well as time of profit booking by the investors. In this stage, the investors have the tendency to sell their investments as well as engage in booking their profits. This can be done by selling their assets at higher price (Ashfaq 2016). Panic In this stage, the sentiment of the investors gets reversed when there is substantial amount of profit booking taking place. The sentiment of the investors who were thinking of pushing the prices in the above situation now waits for taking U-turn. This is due to panic because of many failure cases of a bank (Bhala, Yeh and Bhala 2016). Revulsion- In this stage, investors shows no interest in purchasing any further stocks or reinvesting in them because of previous bad experience with it and that lead to drastic fall in the stock prices. However, prices of the asset do not increase again because of reduction in the stock prices as well as simultaneous non-participation of the investors for that point of time (Bredin, Conlon and Pot 2015). Comparison between Black, Black Thursday and the Japanese crash Black Monday is referred to a crash that took place in the stock market in and across the world on 19th of October 1987 and the day was Monday. Due to this crash, there was eradication of huge amount of shareholders value for very short span of time frame. The effect started in Hong Kong and slowly and gradually spread like a wild fire to all of Europe and then hit United States. The other markets were even affected by this crash that resulted in huge amount of value (Chen and Huang 2018). The crash had affected the markets in and across the world and it was quite immense by nature. The value of the markets of countries such as Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Australia, Spain and Canada fell down by 45.5%, 26.45%, 41.8%, 31% and 22.5% respectively. The crash had affected New Zealand the most as compared to other countries. The market value fell down by 60% from its peak value as recorded by it by the end of 1987. Therefore, it took several years for these countries to get normal economy and recovering from the change (Clark 2016). There are different economists who all states the reasons for the crash were due to overvaluation, program trading as well as illiquidity and market psychology. Most of the public were of the opinion that program trading as one of the sole reason behind this crash. The working of program trading executes large amount of stick that is traded based upon external inputs as and when received. However, the systems made usage of arbitrage as well as portfolio insurance strategies. Black Thursday is referred as one of the worst market crashes that were faced by United States on 24th of October 1929. The reason behind this crash was the effect it had in economy of United Sates for that duration. The country suffered from this crash for 12-year long Great Depression and would even included most of the other industrialized western countries (Dimmock, Gerken and Marietta-Westberg 2015). Both Black Thursday as well as The Great Depression together pulled off financial crisis that would be referred as the largest crash during 20th century. The crash even resulted in depression in Europe. The economists could not understand the intensity of the crash that took place in United States. Under the aftermath of the crash, the intense connectivity at that time was understood properly that took place within the countries. The real cause behind this worst crash in United States was due to involvement of manufacturing business as well as steel production business that had recorded historic profits at that point of time. The people thought that the stocks will never come down that lead to over speculation. Due to that, loan amount taken by the people for funding their investments was more than $8.5 billon and this was quite higher to that of total currency present in United States at that point of time (Dymski and Shabani 2017). Japanese crash in 1920s In the year 1927, there took place financial panic under the reign of emperor Hirohito of Japan. Due to this crisis, the Prime Minister (Wakatsuki Reijiro) had been brought down the government and after that Zaibatsu had taken over the banking industry in Japan. The real cause behind creation of an economic bubble resulted from an increased amount of investment on the part of public who look for benefits of increased production capability in the name of business. With this crisis, the country faced slow economic downturn and even Great Kanto Earthquakes in the year 1923 resulted in further worsening of the condition. By the year 1927, it is noted that the government involved in contemplating redeeming of bonds and there was rumor that the banks are engaging in holding these bonds (Fender et al. 2017). After studying about worst crashes that took place in the stock market, the common thing noticed was the belief of the investors on matters relating to the performance of specific sector. As far as Black Monday was concerned, the investors were of the opinion that prices of technology sector companies will never come down. The case was same during Black Thursday as well as Japanese crash. During these crashes also, the investors had believed that prices of steel producing company will never come done and they will deemed to perform well in the future. The investor believed that the market will have constant trend for longer period of time and this had resulted in downfall in the economy (Fu et al. 2018). Therefore, this was the direct result after creation of any economic bubble because of the demand asked by the investors in this market. Movements that can be taken to prevent another financial crisis in the future Avoiding using misleading mortgage products- It is advisable to avoid any misleading mortgage products. Some of the economies in this world still aim at providing mortgage products that have teaser rate (Monk, Sharma and Sinclair 2017). This means the mortgage products have more appealing introductory rate for initial 2 to 3 years and after that, the interest will suddenly shot up. This sudden change creates immense economic burden by the borrower that results in defaulting position at some point of time. Improving the capital ratios of the banks- It is advisable to make an attempt to improve the capital ratios of the banks. Before the crisis period, it was noted that because of the boom in the economy, the banks started providing ridiculous amount of loans and this lead to degrading capital ratios on regular basis. This activity by the banks had led to vulnerability at the time of credit crunch period (Kotsantonis, Pinney and Serafeim 2016). However, if banks are to keep capital with them, it would thereby assist them to face the situations such as abnormal exuberance on the part of people. However, the funds that are kept by the banks can be remitted back in case of difficult times. Putting cap on dividend and pay- It is advisable to put cap on the dividend and star paying after that. After studying about Great Depression, certain facts can be gathered hat states that during that period, the bank faced loss of more than $60 million and they had to even pay dividend to the tune of $60 million. In addition to that, banks that had their listing in Stock Exchange faced huge pressure in paying dividend as well as keeping their reserves lower. As far as banks are concerned, they should prefer using German Model to overcome the issue (Jackson 2018). Monetary policy- On analysis, it is found out that central bank plays major role and the role is immense. To that, it is seen that the interest rates are kept lower for given period of time and this was noted prior to any depression. The main emphasis put by the banks is to look after the inflation rates. However, the banks generally miss out aftermaths of the bursting of the economic bubble that is being created in the economy because of the steps undertaken for controlling inflation (Galbraith 2017). Ponzi is one of the pyramid structure schemes that basically functions on the rob Peter to pay Paul principle based on the definition stated by the US Financial regulator Securities Exchange Commission (Zhu et al. 2017). Under such scheme, the fraudster promises one investor that they will be getting huge returns on his money and then uses the money for paying back the dues of other investors. After the money comes in from any new investors, it is noted that the system collapses at that time. In this entire scheme, the loser is the person who is making the last transaction in investment with the fraudster because all the other investors are cleared by the returns and there is no funds left behind to pay newest entrant. Charles Ponzi was one of the fraudster and the scheme was named under his name. He had promised the investors of New Zealand to give a return of 40% on their investments as compared to the 5% current return that they were earning from their saving accounts. However, th e returns that were to be paid by this person was from the profits he would expect from the exchange rates difference in US dollars and any other currencies for the purpose of purchasing as well as selling international coupons at a profit (Wolinsky and Rubin 2014). This success of the scheme was noticeable where Charles Ponzi earned whopping of more than $420000 till May 1920 that can be converted as $5.13 million in 2017 currency. During the month of June, people started investing more than $2.5 million in this Ponzi scheme and by the month end; he was able to rank in millions of dollars per week as it were rising. Charles Ponzi had purchased international coupon to the tune of only $20 and this was noted after the collapse of entire system that was based on such small amount or rather it can be treated as zero amount investment done by him (Nash, Bouchard and Malm 2018). As far as rich families were concerned, they had huge funds to invest upon. However, they do not have enough knowledge about the same for investment related decision-making process. To be on the safer side, they believe in keeping huge funds under the custody of wealth managers as well as private banks and hedge funds. After that, these selected institutions approaches specialist funds managers who have been consistent in their performance. To that, the select consistent performer named is Madoff. This person was popular as he had guided people with funds for a fee. The problem started when he started paying the profits back to the clients first and then invest the money thereafter. After financial crisis hitting the economy, all the clients start coming to Madoff and ask him for money. The fraud was exposed because of the absence of money of such huge amount at that point of time. Reference List Albrecht, C., Morales, V., Baldwin, J.K. and Scott, S.D., 2017. Ezubao: a Chinese Ponzi scheme with a twist.Journal of Financial Crime,24(2), pp.256-259. 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