Dementia Nursing and Amp Essay

Dementia Nursing and Amp Essay Dementia: Nursing and Amp Essay It has been well documented that the ageing population is on the increase in Australia and due to these predictions so too is the demand on the acute care setting (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2007). Dementia is described as a "syndrome, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, caused by a variety of brain illnesses that affect memory, behaviour and ability to perform everyday activities" (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012, p.2). Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to establish if the delivery of nursing care in the acute care setting, encompasses the older person with a Dementia diagnosis, using evidence based nursing interventions such as person centered care. Background: Though Dementia is not part of normal ageing (WHO, 2012) there is a high incidence of diagnosis in the older person. The ageing population will impact the demands of the health care setting, and health care workers require specialised skills to provide optimal care that is appropriate when an older person enters the acute care arena. Method: Initially the search question used for this review was can nurses identify triggers of exacerbated behaviour's using a validated tool? This question was omitted due to the lack of literature and refined to the broader context question of does nursing care of the person with dementia in the acute setting include evidence based practice, and how is person-centered care implemented. The data bases searched were from The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, pub Med, Joanna Briggs Institute and Grey Literature. The literature used in this review was published between 2003 and 2012. Literature sources were searched from peer reviewed journals, government publications, and the internet. Keywords Searched: Dementia, acute care, evidence based practice, nursing perspectives, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, person centered care. Results: The literature review commonly noted that dementia care in the acute setting is lacking, and that further emphasis on adaption of knowledge translation related to evidence based practice is required. The common themes derived found that nursing staff in the acute care setting rationalized that "lack of time" to provide person centered care was the main reason for omission. Ward culture, experience and attitudes influenced clinical decision making of nursing staff in the acute setting, and the studies reviewed demonstrated that the needs of the nurse was prioritized over the person with dementia, thus person centered care is largely not provided in the acute setting (Bolster Manias, 2010; Borbasi, Jones, Lockwood, Emden, 2006; (Cowdell, 2010). If nurses were equipped with the experience to assist the person with dementia this would alleviate the acuity of the perceived workload of the nurse. This review however also revealed that nurses had a positive attitude to embrace evidenc ed based practice (Bolster Manias, 2010). Implementation of the specialty needs of the person with dementia into the registered nurse graduate programs or on orientation to the acute ward setting using the "train the trainer model" (Alzheimers' Australia, 2011) would be beneficial. Introduction Due to the ageing population, current trends in Australia and globally, predict increasing care of the older person with dementia, estimating a dementia diagnosis will markedly increase in the next two decades (Department of Health and Ageing [DoHA], 2012). The prevalence of dementia in the older person is increasing and "...is estimated at 35.6 million worldwide and is projected to double every 20 years..with a new diagnosis every 4 seconds" (WHO, 2012, p.2). Older people are more likely to be admitted into the acute care setting (Edvardsson Nay, 2011) so too are those with dementia (Cowdell, 2010), and the likelihood of complex needs will increase the risk of adverse affects for this populated group

Increae productivity and safety at night shift Research Paper - 1

Increae productivity and safety at night shift - Research Paper Example These problems affect the productivity of the workers working in the night shifts of the manufacturing firm. Physical and mental stress associated with the working in the night shifts increases the possibilities of errors on the part of the workers along with increasing instances of accidents. With the general habits of human beings of being more active during the day hours the performance level of the workers in general deteriorates with a change in the pattern. Moreover the workers of the manufacturing units need to work in different and more than one shift in each day and hence these poorly framed patterns of the shifts also increases the fatigue of the night shift workers. Apart from physical problems several questions have been raised regarding the security of the workers working in the night shifts more prominently for the women workers of the units. Thus study has been made in order to consider the negative effects of night shift working and suggesting possible solutions for t he problems. Both primary and secondary research methods have been used in the study for satisfying the objective. The study reveals that the productivity of the workers decreases in the night shifts with the same worker being able to work more efficiently in some other shifts of the day. Moreover there exists gender discrimination in the manufacturing units with the experienced women workers getting equal to salaries of newly employed male workers of the units. Incidents of accidents are also studied to be more in the night shifts. In regards to the implementations of certain solutions to the problems it has been suggested that the administration needs to be more aware in regards to the provision of proper medical facilities required in emergencies along with proper training to the workers. The supervisors need to be entrusted with proper evaluation of the employees in regards to their safety as well as productivity. Moreover if certain

Technology, the surrender of culture to technology Essay

Technology, the surrender of culture to technology - Essay Example As our civilization has advanced, developed life-altering technologies that would not have been imagined or conceivable a mere 20 years ago, it has become painfully obvious that humanity’s greatest drawback is not concentric around our level and implementation of technology but rather the disparities, inequalities, and moral deviance that defines how we interact with one another. As such, this brief essay will seek to understand and grapple with some of the biggest problems that face our current society with respect to ethics and morality as well as to trace the moral and communicational changes that this author might seek to employ in order to reduce the level of corrosive/destructive habits that define the current world. In this way, the analysis will also consider one of the main drawbacks to such an approach that the author has noted. As the author above stated, our lack of understanding and humanity’s continued disregard for the matters that define the health and lifestyle of others that share our planet is not born out of a lack of access to or application of the correct technology. Instead, these issues are fundamentally born out of the fact that humanity’s selfish nature continually seeks to aggrandize itself at the expense of those around it. Rather than employing the available resources and knowledge to seek to ameliorate the suffering and hardship of others, the issue itself boils down to one of selfishness and lack of concern rather than one which can be defined by an inherent lack of the tools, mechanisms, or technology to alleviate these stresses that exist. In this way, a common theme that can be observed throughout human history and interactions between classes, not to mention the communication models that define these, is the fact that there is a common theme of exploitation that extends from earliest history until the current time. An all too common model for advancement in human society and culture has been that in order to achieve some level of success, another individual or group of individuals must necessarily be exploited to make this happen. Such an approach is of course the epitome of immoral and is one of the reasons that such a high degree of misunderstanding and bloodshed has defined the recent past. Du e to the fact that one group attempts to marginalize, enslave, or exterminate another based no purely selfish and/or utilitarian/immoral motives it results in wars, disease, famines, and all of the negative externalities that help to define the human

The effect of alcohol on reaction times Essay Example for Free

The effect of alcohol on reaction times Essay The table is used to drop the ruler from so we know that the height the ruler is dropped from is the same each time we do the experiment. We will hold the bottom of the ruler level with the surface of the table before it is dropped. The ruler is to be used as the measurement of peoples reaction times in millimetres. The pen is to mark out where the thumb and first finger must be when the ruler is released and is also used to record the results on the paper. Method We will make two short lines at the end of the table 1. 7 centimetres apart. The inside of the right hand thumb and right hand first finger must be placed along side these. We will place the ruler inside the fingers in the centre with the side with the shortest width touching the table and also facing away from the table. The persons hands should be level with the bottom of the ruler. The ruler will be released without warning the person who is catching it. The person catching it must have clear visibility of the ruler. When the person has caught the ruler the measurement should be read from the bottom side of his finger and thumb and not from above them. Write the results down on the paper and repeat the experiment four more times. When the experiment has been carried out five times we will make the person catching the ruler drink four units of alcohol. After he has finished drinking the last unit we will wait twenty minutes for the alcohol to take effect. We do this to see what difference alcohol has on the reaction times. Now we repeat the experiment above again. We will test four people. A young male and an older male, ages 15 and 44, and a young female and an older female, ages 11 and 38. The factors we will keep the same to make sure the experiment is a fair test are: Height ruler is dropped from Visibility Thumb and finger used No drugs Distance fingers are from ruler before it is released Moisture of skin Food Eaten Prior To Experiment Heart Rate Prediction I predict that the more alcohol that has been consumed, the longer the time it takes the body to react. I think alcohol effects the transmitter fluid in the synapse, or effects the myelin sheath on the axon. In turn this will considerably lengthen the reaction times. Also, the alcohol may have an effect on the neurotransmitters in the synapse. We now that alcohol is a poison. It could poison the neurotransmitters in the synapse, cause them to not work as fast, or even carry messages for them. I dont think the relationship between the alcohol consumed will be directly proportional. Preliminary Work Prior to making these plans for the experiment, we carried out a preliminary test. This test helped us a lot in understanding what the aim of the experiment was and gave us a rough idea of what we were going to do. Also, we can learn from the mistakes that we made in the preliminary work, so that we can ensure it is a fair test in the experiment. Results Attempt Distance 1 8. 6cm 2 9. 6cm 3 7. 9cm 4 10. 4cm Conclusion From our results we can make a safe conclusion that the reaction times of a person are very fast when they arent under the influence of alcohol. Also, because there are no anomalous results we can make a safe average reaction time from this. Average reaction time = 9. 125 seconds. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Religion Essay -- essays research papers

The debate over the economic advantages of slavery in the South has raged ever since the first slaves began working in the cotton fields of the Southern States. Initially, the wealth of the New World was in the form of raw materials and agricultural goods such as cotton, sugar, and tobacco. Slavery, without a doubt, had its profitable aspects prior to the Civil War. However, this postulation began to change as abolitionists claimed the land of the Southern Plantations was overworked and the potential income of slaves was lower than that of white people who had a vested interest in the productivity and success of the South. The concept of slavery had been brought over to America by the ideals of British Mercantilism which called for strict regulation of the state and its people for the good of the national economy. In the early 1700’s, Frenchman Colbert stated that, "no commerce in the world produces as many advantages as that of the slave trade"(Williams, 144). The inhumane practice of slavery began in the American colonies in 1619. Although Africans first came to the New World around 1501, the early colonists did not think to use them as slave labor. Instead, they imported poor, white indentured servants from Europe to clear forests and cultivate fields. It was the English colonists that incited the idea of using Black slaves. They could be caught easily because of their color and they could be bought and kept until they died. "Negroes, from a pagan land and without exposure to the ethical ideals of Christianity, could be handled with more rigid methods of discipline and could be morally and spiritually degraded for the sake of stability on the plantation,† wrote historians John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss Jr. in "From Slavery to Freedom" (22). Where America failed in Mercantilism was in not providing enough slaves to generate a sufficient profit margin and by becoming a divided nation over the issue of slavery. Southern slaves were viewed in economic terms of labor to capital. While the ownership of slaves was a source of pride in plantation owners, this interdependence of slave on master and master to slave created a vicious cycle of rashness that caused slave owners to often become irrational. In the south, slaveholdings varied according to size, location, and crops produced. Slavery in cities differed substantially from th... ...er to the problem of slavery. Olmsted asserted that the â€Å"majority of those who sell the cotton crop† were â€Å"poorer than the majority of our day-labourers at the North† (171). His chief complaint with slavery was that the quantity produced by slaves, be it cotton or tobacco or any marketable good, was drastically inferior. Olmsted asserted that it took two times as many slaves as Northern labourers to accomplish a task (172). â€Å"Low-quality labor, poor use of resources, and indifferent management all combined, said Olmsted, to make southern agriculture far less efficient than northern agriculture† (172). Olmsted asserted that psychologically, slaves preformed poorly under conditions of fear of punishment and free men, without this fear, would certainly be more productive in defending their reputation and standing with pride with their employer. The low productivity of slaves could be explained by the conditions in which they were forced to live and work in. Inadequate care, incentives and training left the slaves without proper preparation for their role on the plantation (Genovese, 46). A cyclical effect of malnutrition and disease was apparent on many plantations. Since malnutrition

A Brief Description of Non-Parametric Tests

Non-parametric Tests In contrast to parametric tests, non-parametric tests do not require any assumptions about the parameters or about the nature of population. It is because of this that these methods are sometimes referred to as the distribution free methods. Most of these methods, however, are based upon the weaker assumptions that observations are independent and that the variable under study is continuous with approximately symmetrical distribution. In addition to this, these methods do not require measurements as strong as that required by parametric methods.Most of the non- arametric tests are applicable to data measured in an ordinal or nominal scale. As opposed to this, the parametric tests are based on data measured at least in an interval scale. The measurements obtained on interval and ratio scale are also known as high level measurements. Level of measurement 1 . Nominal scale: This scale uses numbers or other symbols to identify the groups or classes to which various o bjects belong. These numbers or symbols constitute a nominal or classifying scale.For example, classification of individuals on the basis of sex (male, female) or on the basis of level of education (matric, senior secondary, raduate, post graduate), etc. This scale is the weakest of all the measurements. 2. Ordinal scale: This scale uses numbers to represent some kind of ordering or ranking of objects. However, the differences of numbers, used for ranking, don't have any meaning. For example, the top 4 students of class can be ranked as 1, 2, 3, 4, according to their marks in an examination. 3.Interval scale: This scale also uses numbers such that these can be ordered and their differences have a meaningful interpretation. 4. Ratio scale: A scale possessing all the properties of an interval scale along with a true zero point is called a ratio scale. It may be pointed out that a zero point in an interval scale is arbitrary. For example, freezing point of water is defined at 00 Celsiu s or 320 Fahrenheit, implying thereby that the zero on either scale is arbitrary and doesn't represent total absence of heat.In contrast to this, the measurement of distance, say in metres, is done on a ratio scale. The term ratio is used here because ratio comparisons are meaningful. For example, 100 kms of distance is four times larger than a distance of 25 kms while 1000F may not mean that it is twice as hot as SOOF. It should be noted here that a test that can be erformed on high level measurements can always be performed on ordinal or nominal measurements but not vice-versa.However, if along with the high level measurements the conditions of a parametric test are also met, the parametric test should invariably be used because this test is most powerful in the given circumstances. From the above, we conclude that a non-parametric test should be used when either the conditions about the parent population are not met or the level of measurements is inadequate for a parametric test . References: http://classofl . com/homework-help/statistics-homework-help/

Generational Differences in Yezierska’s Bread Givers Essay

Generational Differences in Yezierska’s Bread Givers Anzia Yezierska’s most-taught novel, Bread Givers, is an extensive observation of relationships in an immigrant family of early 20th century America (Sample 1). Noticeably, one of the most fascinating qualities of Yezierska’s work is that, though most readers probably come from significantly different backgrounds than that of her characters, she writes in a manner that allows her stories to be discussed in contemporary terms, (Drucker 1) while simultaneously illustrating the immigrant experience. Particularly, this phenomenon can be seen in her portrayal of certain generational conflicts. In Bread Givers, Yezierska depicts the struggle of finding one’s self in life, a†¦show more content†¦Most commonly, the first generation immigrant frowns upon assimilation because they are quite content with living the way that they always have. In contrast, the second generation immigrant has less problems with assimilating. This is quite understandable, as essentiall y, every generation wakes up in a new world. Therefore, the second generation tends to become more Americanized. Often, they are coined the divided generation, as opposed to the heroic first generation who usually resists assimilation altogether. In Bread Givers, Reb Smolinsky is a patriarchal father, representing traditional Jewish ways (Drucker 1). Throughout the novel, it seems that he encompasses every aspect of a man embedded in traditional culture. In other words, everything that he does is rooted in the past, showing his first generational resistance to assimilation. In his constant refusal to assimilate, Reb Smolinsky becomes a symbolic representation of the Old World. On the other hand, his daughter, Sara Smolinsky has breathed heavily on the New World’s aura (Sample 1). Certainly, her actions throughout Bread Givers are consistent with the nature of second generation immigrants in assimilation. The contrast between their views on assimilation is clear as Sara says, He could never understand. He was the Old World. I was the New (Yezierska 207). This generational conflict concerning assimilation is